Recruiting adaptive cellular stress responses for successful brain ageing

Contractile activity-induced oxidative stress: cellular origin and adaptive responses.

Previous studies have reported that oxidizing free radical species are generated during exercise, and there has been considerable interest in the potential effects of these on exercising tissues. We hypothesized that contracting skeletal muscle was a major source of oxidizing free radical species and that untrained skeletal muscle would adapt to the oxidative stress of a single short period of ...

Hippocampal cellular stress responses after global brain ischemia and reperfusion.

Brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induce neuronal intracellular stress responses, including the heat-shock response (HSR) and the unfolded protein response (UPR), but the roles of each in neuronal survival or death are not well understood. We assessed the relative expression of UPR (ATF4, CHOP, GRP78, XBP-1) and HSR-related (HSP70 and HSC70) mRNAs and proteins after brain I/R. We evaluated t...

Initiating Cellular Stress Responses

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase related kinases (PIKKs) mediate responses to diverse stresses, including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), abnormal replication fork progression, the recognition of premature termination codons in mRNAs, and inadequate nutrient availability. Rigorous control of these kinases limits cellular damage and promotes cell viability in the presence of stress. Control mechan...

Cellular Stress Responses

Successful immunosenescence and the remodelling of immune responses with ageing.

In recent decades, major theoretical and technological advances have been achieved in the field of immunology. These have allowed the scientific community to analyse the immune system in a much more sophisticated manner than was possible even 20 years ago. Moreover, great theoretical changes have also occurred in gerontology-in particular, the hypothesis has been put forward that ageing and dis...